Monthly Archives: February 2017

Budget for Children | Child Rights Organization | NGO in India

Budget 2017-18: No Acche Din for India’s Children

Budget 2017-18: No Acche Din for India’s Children | Leher NGO in India | Child Rights Organization

Indians love children as much as they love their motherland. A friend who was visiting from abroad remarked recently after attending the republic day parade, “It seems “Bharat Mata ki Jai”(Long live Mother India) has become very popular among schoolchildren now. It’s good to develop love for the country”. A very agreeable thought indeed even though he was talking only about the children of people like him as that’s the only world he has ever known. A comfortable and economically secure world where children are encouraged to do as they please, work hardly, play more and dream big. Where mothers dote on their children with the help of full-time helps, and fathers check on them through facetime calls.

Understandably, the chants of “long live the motherland” appear to be real and cheerful when it comes out of the mouths of such well-fed, clothed, and as yet innocent children of India. However, it is not the world that ninety per cent of India’s 47 crore children who live in plastic shacks, mud homes, and cramped one-room houses that are surrounded by disease and danger of abuse and violence. Besides the free protein gruel at the Anganwadi centre, these children are eligible for free education under the Right to Education in government schools till the age of 14. The mid-day meal scheme brings them to school but doesn’t help them in acquiring knowledge as was acknowledged by the Finance Minister when he spoke of a new scheme to stem falling learning levels in school. The high enrolment rates are good but to reap the much-touted demographic dividend Indian schools need to do much better. For that they would need enough number of good teachers and physical infrastructure. For children to remain healthy and disease free, we require a functioning primary health system. All of this costs money and that’s where the government fails once again. Well-spoken words are not enough to hide the entrenched indifference of the Indian state towards ninety percent of its 47 crore children.

Union Budget 2017-18

Every month, an average Indian family spends close to one-third of their income on one child. This covers school fees, clothes, food and medical bills if any. For an infant, this expenditure is about 12-18 per cent excluding non-regular expenses like medical bills and toys. To understand it better, if a couple in Delhi, together earns Rs 150,000 per month, they are likely to spend nearly Rs-30,000 to 40,000 on the child’s school fees, fruits, milk, health supplements, stationery, toys, clothes and day care or a dedicated house help. The figures for other cities and small towns can be calculated by making the necessary adjustments in their respective cost of living.

Table 1

Share of BfC in Union Budget (in per cent)

Year BE (Budget Estimates) RE(Revised Estimates)
2013-2014 4.64 4.56
2014-2015 4.52 4.16
2015-2016 3.26 3.62
2016-2017 3.32 3.29
2017-2018 3.32 NA

Source: HAQ: Centre for Child Rights

This year the budgetary allocation for children in this year’s budget is 3.32 per cent(Rs 71,305 crores)of the total financial allocations in 2017-18. Noteworthy here is that this is almost the same amount that has been accumulated in bad loans to the top defaulters of corporate India. They owe banks Rs 70,540.34 crore.

The share of children by population in India’s total is population is a whopping 39 per cent which means that almost every third Indian is a child below the age of 18. And yet their share in the union budget at 3.32 per cent is less than even a tenth of that. To simplify it further, centrally sponsored schemes like Integrated Child Development Scheme, Sarva Shiskha Abhiyan and the Integrated Child Protection Scheme and other schemes for children received altogether 10 paisa per Rupee.

However, compared to the previous year, the government has made higher allocations towards children. Last year, these schemes had received only 9 paisa out of a rupee.

When we look at sector-wise allocation towards children’s welfare the situation remains the same. Minor increases have been made in Health but it still remains below the WHO guideline of 5 per cent of the GDP. In the below table is given the share of various sectors in the total allocation of 3.2 per cent(Rs 71,305 crores) towards children. A quick analysis of the table makes it clear that education is the priority and protection is the most neglected area. While the share for Child Development has increased to 24.21 per cent since 2015-16 the share of both education and health has fallen in 2017-18.

Table 2

Sectoral Share in Budget for Children (BfC) (in per cent)

Year Health BE Development BE Education BE Protection BE
2013-2014 3.42 23.79 72.07 0.72
2014-2015 3.59 23.36 72.21 0.78
2015-2016 3.93 15.74 78.95 1.38
2016-2017 3.59 23.23 72.14 1.04
2017-2018 3.76 24.21 70.54 1.49

Source: HAQ: Centre for Child Rights

The government’s intention towards children is not wholly apathetic though. According to the non-governmental organisation HAQ: Centre for Child Rights there has been a substantial increase in the allocations for girl child-focussed schemes like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, National Scheme for Incentive to Girl Child for Secondary education as well as for the National Means Cum Merit Scholarship Scheme.(See table 3)

Table 3

Scheme/ Programme 2016-17 BE 2017-18 BE Percentage increase
a. National Means Cum Merit Scholarship Scheme 35 282 706%
b. National Scheme for Incentive to Girl Child
for Secondary Education
45 320 611%
c. Girls Hostel for SCs 4 15 275%
d. National Nutrition Mission 360 1100 206%
e. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao 100 200 100%
f. Integrated Child Protection Scheme 397 648 63%
g. Assistance to Voluntary Organisations
for OBCs (Deptt. of SJ and E)
0.6 1.5 60%

Source: HAQ: Centre for Child Rights

The above schemes are only the lucky few to have got more funds in this budget as most of the schemes for children from marginalised communities have been downsized. The highest decrease in budget allocation is under the Pre-Matric Scholarships for SCs. The allocation for this scheme which is meant to provide crucial financial support to children from dalit communities has been cut down by as much as 91 per cent. The budget for scheme for the safety and care of child labourers also has been reduced by 33 per cen. This is even more befuddling as the government has recently regressed to pass amendments to the Child Labour Act that allow more children to work in hazardous conditions. (See table 4) It’s not possible for the government to ensure working children are not exploited with a smaller budget.

There are heavy cuts in some of the key schemes/programmes:

Table 4

Scheme/ Programme 2016-17 BE 2017-18 BE Percentage decrease
Pre-Matric Scholarships for SCs 495 45 91%
National Programme for Youth and Adolescent Development 35 18 49%
Upgradation of Merit of SCs Students 3 2 33%
Scheme for Welfare of Working Children in Need of Care and Protection 3 2 33%
Manufacture of Sera and BCG Vaccine 132 91.07 31%
World Bank Assisted ISSNIP 450 400 11%

Source: HAQ: Centre for Child Rights

Therefore, in conclusion, this budget as far as children’s welfare is concerned is nothing but a mockery of their legitimate needs and concerns. The well-intentioned speech of the Finance Minister too had just three reference to children. According to the Haq report, “Government Budgets are the only powerful tool to show their willingness to reduce such inequalities… In the context of social sector and particularly for children, the Union Budgets have disappointed the marginalized community and the Union Budget 2017-18 further pushed its children to the periphery through severely reduced allocations.” For the 47 crore children of India, Acche Din remain a fantasy.

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With cases of juvenile crime making headlines, there has been a renewed attention on the efficacy of the juvenile justice system in India. Children in these homes are sent for the purpose of reforming and rehabilitating them back to society. Often circumstances in these homes don’t serve their desired outcomes, pushing children back into the life of crime. Crumbling infrastructure, dilapidated standards of hygiene, sub-standard food and clothing, these facilities escape inspection, and there is no monitoring of the conditions in which the children live. With poor time tables, lack of constructive activities .. children in these settings have nothing to do with their time. Understaffed and overcrowded, juvenile homes are hell holes rather than reform centres, where children are also extremely vulnerable to abuse. With almost no counselling, therapeutic interventions or vocational training, children have little hope for a life after crime. Here are stories of 6 children living in a juvenile home, that reiterate why they need more than just an amendment to the law.

#128

I am a human, a person just like all of you who has two hands, two feet and a nose. I committed a crime, not by choice…but due to my circumstances. I am a 14 year old boy who doesn’t have a name. Here I am better known as ‘Number 128’. That’s my registration number, you see. I have been here for some time now… My family no longer wishes to be associated with me…after what I did. I killed my father…the very person who brought me into this world. But, he never treated me like a son. I was merely an outlet for his frustrations… he would thrash me, burn me and sometimes sexually abuse me. One day when I could not bare it anymore, in the heat of the moment, I stabbed him with the blade that he was using to slit my wrist. I know I have committed a crime, but I am not a criminal. The judge decided my fate under the IPC Article 302. That day, I stopped being my mother’s son too. The love in her eyes was now replaced with resentment and fury.

#102

I come from a poor home. My father is a driver and he only earns enough money that can suffice for our essentials. I was a bright student at school that got me a scholarship to study at the best school in town, with the rich kids. All my friends can afford expensive cars, clothes and meals at fancy restaurants…but I was never that lucky. Even I wanted to be one of them, and I was tired of them bullying me anyway. I expressed my desire to own a bike, but my father rejected it. But, I was determined to have my own bike…nothing could stop me. That’s when I planned a robbery. I decided that I would steal my neighbour’s bike and resell it. Whatever money I got in exchange I would used to buy a new bike. Nothing went as planned and I was caught. Until yesterday I was a free bird who would go anywhere he liked, but everything changed in the last 24 hours. At 15 years, I don’t want to be here. But due to my mistakes, I am paying a heavy price.

#115

I have committed a murder and I’m serving my sentence under Article 302. A few months ago, I killed my sister while I was under the influence of alcohol, because she refused to get intimate with me. My mother and father have abandoned me after this incident and I haven’t seen them for 5 months. It all just happened in that moment… I wasn’t sure of what I was doing and why. I cannot change what I did, but I wont let it happen again.

#171

I am 12 years old and I have been brought to this home for attempt to rape. Sheila and I went to the same school and I found her very beautiful to look at. I always had a soft corner for her and I made sure that she knew about it. I expected her to say that she likes me too but her response was the opposite of what I thought. I was very unhappy and angry that she rejected me. One day after school, I followed her while she walked home on a deserted road, grabbed her from behind and molested her. I could have done much worse had a man in his forties not arrived in time. I was handed over to the police and beaten up.

#135

Every person has the right to be happy and be happy with the one he loves. I made a choice and so did she. I don’t want to reveal her name. We are both in love. Well now maybe ‘were in love’. She would come to the field with her mother and I would be hanging there with my friends. We saw each other and fell in love. We were both under age, but we knew our families would never let us be together, so we decided to elope and get married. Soon after, a man saw us getting intimate in the fields and reported us. Our families got involved and before I knew it, I was charged for attempt to rape. I don’t know whether I should blame her or not. Well all of this doesn’t even matter now. What matters is that my future is ruined.

#121

If anyone else were in my place, they would have done the same thing. What does anyone expect me to do when I am starving? I am 12 years old and I have two younger sisters. One is nine and the other one is five. When I see their helpless expressions and tired faces, all the regrets I have fade away. I may still be able to starve but I will do whatever it takes to make sure my sisters don’t sleep hungry. Tell me, wouldn’t everyone care most about filling their stomachs?

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Curated by Leher, #everydaychildhood is a visual project that gives you a glimpse into the everyday lives of #children across #India. Come tell stories of#childhood with us! Follow us on instagram @everydaychildhood.